Why is a Hess a good battery system?

Although the addition of the supercapacitor and the DC/DC converter increases the initial cost of the system, the life cycle cost of the HESS is lower than that of the single battery owing to the battery lifetime prolonging effect, thus the HESS is economically effective.

How much battery energy is saved in a Hess case?

The battery energy is also saved in the HESS case compared to the single battery case because of the improvement on the battery efficiency. The final battery SOC after three times of repetitions for each driving cycle is summarized in Table 9, which reveals that a maximum of 2.8% of the battery energy can be saved by the use of the HESS.

Why is a Hess battery more expensive than a single battery?

It can be concluded from Table 11 that although the addition of the supercapacitor and the DC/DC converter increases the initial cost of the system, the life cycle cost of the HESS is lower than that of the single battery owing to the battery lifetime prolonging effect.

Does a Hess prolong the life cycle of a battery?

A dynamic degradation model for the battery is adopted in order to evaluate the life cycle cost of the HESS. Results show that the HESS plus the EMS has the effect of prolonging the battery lifetime and the HESS is economically effective compared to the single battery case.

Does Hess reduce battery degradation cost?

Although the electricity cost is slightly increased, the battery degradation cost can be reduced up to by 50% through adopting HESS. It should be noted, however, that the capital cost of HESS is higher. To comprehensively evaluate the HESS benefit, a 10-year scenario is chosen.

Is the EMS of Hess robust to temperature and battery prices?

When comparing the results in Fig. 7 (a), Fig. 7 (c), Fig. (e), and Fig. (f), it can be found that the DP results are similar when the temperature varies from −10 °C to 20 °C. Thus the simulation results in Fig. 7 show that the optimal EMS of HESS is robust to temperatures and battery prices.