What are the performance ratings of PV modules?

Performance ratings of PV modules are measured under standard test conditions (STC) of 1,000 W/m2 of sunlight and 25°C cell temperature. In practice, however, the intensity of sunlight is usually less than 1,000 W/m2, and the cell temperature is typically hotter than 25°C.

What is the IEA photovoltaic power systems programme?

The IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (IEA PVPS) is one of the TCP’s within the IEA and was established in 1993. The mission of the programme is to “enhance the international collaborative efforts which facilitate the role of photovoltaic solar energy as a cornerstone in the transition to sustainable energy systems.”

How much silicon is used in photovoltaic power?

The amount of silicon in metric tons is converted to MW based on an average consumption of about 3’910 kg of polysilicon per MW of photovoltaic power capacity. The polysilicon production is spread rather evenly across the four world regions with China having the highest share.

What is LCI data on photovoltaic cells?

Photovoltaic cells The LCI data on material and energy consumption as well as about emissions are updated based on LCI data of single- and multi-crystalline cells published by de Wild-Scholten . Data on “tap water, at user” refers to city water for facility and manufacturing process use.

What is the module efficiency of a c-Si PV wafer?

Module efficiency values were taken from the Fraunhofer ISE Photovoltaics Report . The typical thickness of multi- and mono-Si PV wafer is 180 and 170 μm, respectively; 60 individual cells of 243 cm2 (156 mm x156 mm) are assumed to comprise a module of 1.6 m2 for all c-Si PV types.

Does PV module output decrease with temperature?

PV module output decreases with temperature according to a temperature coefficient, δ, which is the percent reduction in power per degree Celsius above a reference temperature. PV module efficiency unavoidably degrades with age at a rate, degr, of about 0.5% per year.