What are the development trends of a zero-carbon microgrid?

Then, three development trends of the zero-carbon microgrid are discussed, including an extremely high ratio of clean energy, large-scale energy storage, and an extremely high ratio of power electronic devices. Next, the challenges in achieving the zero-carbon microgrids in terms of feasibility, flexibility, and stability are discussed in detail.

How many types of zero-carbon microgrid are there?

Thus, there are two categories of the zero-carbon microgrid, i.e., on-grid and off-grid.

How can energy storage help a zero-carbon microgrid?

5.1. Direction 1-large-scale low-price energy storage As discussed earlier, large-scale low-price energy storage plays an important role in achieving zero-carbon microgrids, including improving system feasibility, flexibility, and stability. However, such a kind of technology is still missing.

Should grid-forming converters be used in a zero-carbon microgrid?

In a zero-carbon microgrid, grid-forming converters are always needed at the energy storage side to form the grid without frequency reference. In the future, new control strategies should be studied to enhance the inertia and mitigate the oscillation by coordinating grid-forming and grid-following converters. 6. Conclusions

What are the different types of energy composition in zero-carbon microgrids?

From Table 1, it can be seen that the common forms of energy composition in zero-carbon microgrid cases currently include photovoltaics, wind turbines, and energy storage equipment (primarily hydrogen storage, battery storage, and thermal storage).

Which energy storage systems are used in microgrids?

Among the listed energy storage in Table 2, the PHES and LIBES are usually used for large-scale applications in microgrids . However, the first one is limited by geographical conditions and is always used in the main power grid, and the second one still needs high capital costs in zero-carbon microgrids.